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  You are in: Home > History > The Foundations of Modern Freemasonry  
 

The Foundations of Modern Freemasonry
The Grand Architects – Political Change and the Scientific Enlightenment, 1714–1740

Ric Berman

Ric Berman holds an MA in Economics from the University of Cambridge and a PhD in History from the University of Exeter. He is currently a Senior Visiting Researcher at MEHRC (Modern European History Research Centre) at the University of Oxford. Alongside a career in international corporate finance, Ric has been a regular speaker on Masonic and eighteenth century history for over ten years. A Past Master of Masonic lodges in London and Middlesex, he lives with his family in Oxfordshire, where he is presently researching a follow-up book.

 
Following the appointment of its first aristocratic Grand Masters in the 1720s and in the wake of its connections to the scientific Enlightenment, ‘Free and Accepted’ Masonry rapidly became part of Britain’s national profile and the largest and most influential of Britain’s extensive clubs and societies. The new organisation did not evolve naturally from the mediaeval guilds and religious orders that pre-dated it, but was reconfigured radically by a largely self-appointed inner core. It became a vehicle for the expression and transmission of their political and religious views, and for the scientific Enlightenment concepts that they championed, and hence naturally attracted an aspirational membership.
… Through an examination of new and previously unexplored primary documentary evidence, the book aims to contribute to an understanding of contemporary English political and social culture and explore how Freemasonry became a mechanism that promoted the interests of the Hanoverian establishment, connecting a number of élite metropolitan and provincial figures. A range of networks centred on the aristocracy, parliament, the learned and professional societies, and the magistracy, are examined; and key individuals instrumental in spreading the Masonic message are evaluated. Special focus is given to the role of the ‘Craft’ in the development of the scientific Enlightenment.
… Ric Berman concludes that Freemasonry should be recognised not only as the most prominent of the many eighteenth-century fraternal organisations, but also as a significant cultural vector and a component of the social, economic, scientific and political transformation then in progress. This analysis throws a new and original light on the formation and development of what rapidly became a national and international phenomenon.



Acknowledgements

Preface

Introduction

One: English Freemasonry before the formation of Grand Lodge

Two: John Theophilus Desaguliers: Homo Masonicus

Three: Grand Lodge: The Inner Workings

Four: The Professional Nexus

Five: The Rise of the First Noble Grand Masters

Six: ‘Through the paths of heavenly science’

Seven: Conclusion

Appendices

Abbreviations

Electronic Reading and Research

Selected Bibliography

Index



The transformation of English Freemasonry after the foundation of the Grand Lodge of England in 1717 was especially marked by the (largely nominal) leadership of young pro-Hanoverian Whig aristocrats who transformed Freemasonry into an important component of the economic, scientific, social, and political changes of the 18th century. Freemasonry rapidly became an important facet of the upper reaches of English society, and Berman (Oxford) traces the role these aristocratic architects played in the formation of what quickly became the most prominent and socially elite fraternal order of the modern era. There were important connections between Freemasonry and the judiciary, the Royal Society, and other learned and professional societies. Berman provides a useful introduction to these key figures, as well as a series of valuable appendixes, giving readers the Grand Officers of the Grand Lodge of England, excerpts from the Masonic 1723 Constitutions, a list of the various military lodges, and an inventory of the Masonic membership of selected professional societies. Although its origins as a doctoral thesis are all too clear, this remains a valuable work for serious Masonic historians. Recommended.” Choice

 

Publication Details

 
Hardback ISBN:
978-1-84519-479-6
 
Paperback ISBN:
978-1-84519-506-9
 
Page Extent / Format:
320 pp. / 234 x 156 mm
 
Release Date:
December 2011
  Illustrated:   Yes
 
Hardback Price:
£55.00 / $79.50
 
Paperback Price:
£25.00 / $39.95
 

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